Durante doing so I will keep onesto the order indicated above, and discuss how such principalities are puro be ruled and preserved

I will leave out all conversation on republics, inasmuch as durante another place I have written of them at length, and will address myself only onesto principalities.

I say at once there are fewer difficulties sopra holding hereditary states, and those long accustomed esatto the family of their prince, than new ones; for it is sufficient only not esatto transgress the customs of his ancestors, and preciso deal prudently with circumstances as they arise, for verso prince of average powers onesto maintain himself mediante his state, unless he be deprived of it by some extraordinary and excessive force; and if he should be so deprived of it, whenever anything sinister happens sicuro the usurper, he will regain it.

We have durante Italy, for example, the Duke of Ferrara, who could not have withstood the attacks of the Venetians sopra ’84, nor those of Pope Julius con ’10, unless he had been long established in his dominions. For the hereditary prince has less cause and less necessity to offend; hence it happens that he will be more loved; and unless extraordinary vices cause him puro be hated, it is reasonable to expect that his subjects will be naturally well disposed towards him; and in the antiquity and duration of his rule the memories and motives that make for change are lost, for one change always leaves the toothing for another.

CHAPTER III. CONCERNING MIXED PRINCIPALITIES

And firstly, if it be not entirely new, but is, as it were, per member of a state which, taken collectively, may be called composite, the changes arise chiefly from an inherent difficulty which there is mediante all new principalities; for men change their rulers willingly, hoping esatto better themselves, and coupon ohlala this hope induces them esatto take up arms against him who rules: wherein they are deceived, because they afterwards find by experience they have gone from bad esatto worse. This follows also on another natural and common necessity, which always causes verso new prince onesto burden those who have submitted puro him with his soldiery and with infinite other hardships which he must put upon his new acquisition.

Con this way you have enemies mediante all those whom you have injured sopra seizing that principality, and you are not able onesto keep those friends who put you there because of your not being able preciso satisfy them sopra the way they expected, and you cannot take strong measures against them, feeling bound to them. For, although one may be very strong durante armed forces, yet in entering per province one has always need of the goodwill of the natives.

For these reasons Louis the Twelfth, King of France, quickly occupied Milan, and as quickly lost it; and esatto turn him out the first time it only needed Lodovico’s own forces; because those who had opened the gates preciso him, finding themselves deceived durante their hopes of future benefit, would not endure the ill-treatment of the new prince. It is very true that, after acquiring rebellious provinces a second time, they are not so lightly lost afterwards, because the prince, with little reluctance, takes the opportunity of the rebellion esatto punish the delinquents, esatto clear out the suspects, and preciso strengthen himself con the weakest places. Thus puro cause France onesto lose Milan the first time it was enough for the Duke Lodovico to raise insurrections on the borders; but preciso cause him sicuro lose it verso second time it was necessary onesto bring the whole world against him, and that his armies should be defeated and driven out of Italy; which followed from the causes above mentioned.