A class was a data build that will incorporate research members (constants and you may fields), means members (measures, attributes, occurrences, indexers, workers, such constructors, finalizers, and you will static constructors), and you can nested versions.

fourteen.dos.step 1 General

A course_declaration includes an elective number of features (§21), accompanied by an optional group of category_modifiers (§fourteen.dos.2), followed closely by a recommended limited modifier (§fourteen.dos.7), followed by the brand new search term group and you will a keen identifier one names new class, followed closely by a recommended type_parameter_number (§fourteen.2.3), followed closely by a recommended group_legs specification (§14.dos.4), with an elective selection of style of_parameter_constraints_conditions (§fourteen.dos.5), with a category_human body (§fourteen.2.6), optionally followed closely by a semicolon.

A class eter_listing is actually an universal class report. On the other hand, any class nested in to the an universal group declaration or a generic struct statement was in itself a common group report, since the types of arguments towards the who has style of would be provided to create a made method of.

fourteen.dos.2.step one General

The fresh modifier was let towards nested categories. It specifies your group hides a genetic representative from the exact same identity, given that demonstrated during the §fourteen.3.5. It is an assemble-big date error toward the fresh modifier to appear to your a category report that’s not a great nested classification declaration.

The general public , protected , internal , and personal modifiers handle the new usage of of your own category. With respect to the context in which the classification report occurs, any of these modifiers may not be let (§seven.5.2).

Whenever a limited variety of report (§14.2.7) includes an access requirements (via the social , safe , internal , and personal modifiers), that specification will trust another pieces that are included with a keen the means to access specs. If zero element of a limited type of includes an access requirements, the type is given the appropriate standard the means to access (§7.5.2).

fourteen.2.dos.2 Conceptual groups

The new abstract modifier is used to indicate one a course is partial and this is intended to be utilized simply because the a bottom class. An abstract category is different from a non-abstract group in the after the means:

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• An abstract category can’t be instantiated personally, and is also a harvest-go out error to make use of the fresh driver to your a conceptual class. While it is you’ll be able to to own variables and you will philosophy whoever gather-time products is abstract, particularly parameters and you will thinking usually fundamentally either be null or consist of recommendations to help you instances of low-conceptual classes based on the new conceptual sizes.
• A conceptual classification was enabled ( not necessary) to consist of conceptual participants.
• An abstract classification cannot be shut.

When a non-abstract classification is derived from a conceptual classification, the newest low-abstract classification should were genuine implementations of all passed down abstract players, thereby overriding people abstract members.

this new abstract class A beneficial brings up an abstract method F . Class B raises a supplementary strategy G , but since it does not bring an utilization of F , B should also be announced conceptual. Class C overrides F while offering an actual implementation. Since there are no conceptual participants within the C , C was allowed (but not necessary) is non-abstract. stop example

If a person or higher parts of a limited variety of statement (§14.dos.7) out of a course include the abstract modifier, the course are abstract. If you don’t, the class was non-conceptual.

14.2.2.3 Close categories

This new sealed modifier is employed to get rid of derivation out of a course. A harvest-date error happen if a close classification was given due to the fact ft class of another group.

Note: Brand new closed modifier is primarily regularly end unintended derivation, but it also permits particular work at-big date optimizations. In particular, since the a closed classification could never have one derived categories, you’ll transform virtual form associate invocations towards shut classification days with the non-digital invocations. avoid note